Humberto Duarte Mauro (30 April 1897 – 5 October 1983) was a Brazilian film director. He is often considered the greatest director of early Brazilian cinema.

Mauro's second feature film Thesouro Perdido (Lost Treasure) won the Brazilian "Film of the Year" award in 1927. Later that year, Phebo Sul America Film was reorganized into Phebo Brasil Film. The first film released under the new Phebo was Braza Dormida (Sleeping Ember). Braza Dormida was a boxoffice success and furthered Mauro's career as one of Brazil's leading directors.

In July 1929, Mauro's final film for Phebo Brasil Film, Sangue Mineiro (Blood of Minas Gerais), was shown in Cataguases. In 1930, the film was given a nationwide release. The film was critically and popularly acclaimed. This was the first film in which Mauro worked with Carmen Santos who would star in many of Mauro's later films.

Phebo Brasil Film did not have the resources to continue to produce films. Adhemar Gonzaga offered Mauro a directing job for Cinédia, which was centered in Rio de Janeiro. Gonzaga had started to shoot Lábios sem Beijos (Lips Without Kisses) which starred Carmen Santos. However, Carmen became pregnant was unable to finish production. Gonzaga handed the project over to Mauro, who both directed and photograpghed the film, in March 1930. Mauro decided to make the film silent even though sound was available. He wanted to explore the possibilities of silent film. Upon release in 1930, the film won the Jornal do Brasil film of the year award. Mauro acted as cinematographer for Cinédia's second film Muhler (Woman).

Mauro began shooting Ganga Bruta in September 1931. The film was not completed until 1933 due to cast replacements. The film was silent with synchronized sound recorded on Vitaphone discs added later. The film received little acclaim until two decades after its release.

Mauro co-directed his first talking film with Adhemar Gonzaga. A Voz do Carnaval (The Voice of Carnival) was a musical. Afterwards, Mauro left Cinédia for Brasil Vita Filme in 1934. He directed two feature films and several documentaries for Brasil Vita Filme.

In 1936, Mauro joined the Instituto de Nacional do Cinema Educativo (INCE), which was then the government office for educational and propaganda films. Mauro shot hundreds of documentaries when he was working in INCE, and he also shot his last three movies: Descobrimento do Brasil (The Discovery of Brazil), Argila (Clay), and O Canto da Saudade (The Song of Yearning). His final film was Carro de Bois (Ox Cart), a documentary, in 1974.

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Humberto Mauro (Volta Grande, 30 de abril de 1897 — 5 de novembro de 1983) foi um dos pioneiros do cinema brasileiro. Fez filmes entre 1925 e 1974, sempre com temas brasileiros.

Filho de Gaetano Mauro, imigrante italiano, e de Teresa Duarte, mineira culta e poliglota, ele nasceu na Zona da Mata mineira dois anos depois da histórica sessão cinematográfica promovida pelos irmãos Lumière, em Paris. Quando criança, mudou-se com a família para Cataguases.

Em 1923, passou a se interessar por fotografia. Adquiriu uma câmera Kodak de Pedro Comello (pai da atriz Eva Nill). Em 1925, Mauro e Comello compraram uma câmara cinematográfica de 9,5 mm, marca Pathé, com a qual Mauro filmou um curta-metragem cômico de apenas 5 minutos de duração. Mostraram esse filme a comerciantes locais, tentando convencê-los a investir numa companhia produtora de filmes em Cataguases. Com o apoio financeiro de Homero Domingues compraram uma câmara de 35 mm e centenas de metros de filme. Ainda em 1925, com a participação do negociante Agenor Cortes de Barros, fundaram em Cataguases a Phebo Sul América. Em 1926 realizam Na Primavera da Vida e em seguida Thesouro Perdido, um filme nos moldes dos filmes de aventura americanos, com muitas e complicadas cenas de ação. Foi premiado como o melhor filme brasileiro de 1927.

Com o sucesso de Thesouro Perdido, Mauro pôde ampliar sua produtora, rebatizada de Phebo Brasil, e desenvolver filmes de acordo com sua visão pessoal. Seu último longa-metragem para a Phebo, Sangue Mineiro é considerado sua obra-prima em Cataguases.

Em 1936 a carreira de Humberto sofreu mudança, ele se rendeu ao documentário. A pedido do então ministro da Educação e Saúde, Gustavo Capanema, o professor Edgar Roquete Pinto criou o Instituto Nacional de Cinema Educativo (INCE) e convidou Humberto Mauro. Filmou mais de 300 documentários de curta, entre 1936 e 1964: Dia da Pátria, Lição de Taxidermia, Vacina contra Raiva, A Velha a Fiar e Higiene Doméstica, e, a série As Brasilianas, na qual registrou exibições de músicas folclóricas From Wikipedia (pt), the free encyclopedia