Auguste Le Breton (born Auguste Monfort 18 February 1913 – 31 May 1999) was a French novelist who wrote primarily about the criminal underworld. His novels were adapted into several notable films of the 1950s, such as Rififi, Razzia sur la chnouf, Le rouge est mis and Le clan des siciliens. He wrote the dialogue for the noir film Bob le flambeur.

Auguste Le Breton was born in Finistère, Brittany. His childhood name was Auguste Monfort. Tragedy struck early in his life. Before his birth, his father had died in the First World War. His mother then disappeared. Being an orphan, Le Breton acquired the status of ward of the nation and so was housed in state institutions. Growing up in these institutions wasn't easy. He got into trouble regularly. He had to be put in remand homes frequently. When he lived in Paris, his haunts were disreputable places of the capital, bars and gambling dens. He even spent time with the gangs of Montmartre, acquainting himself with the crime world. He himself, however, was never involved in any serious crime. There can be no doubt that this semi-criminal life of his had a vast influence on his writings, enlivening them with the accuracy that only experience can bring.

For uncertain reasons, Le Breton joined the Resistance during the Second World War. It has been speculated that it was the Vichy's anti-gambling laws that made Le Breton turn against the regime. It is certain that he aided others involved in the Resistance to elude Vichy and the Germans. It was for such contributions that he was awarded the Croix de guerre and the Resistance medal.

Involvement in the Resistance marked a metamorphosis in Le Breton's life. Perhaps spurred on by his selfless actions during the war, he began to write. A few years later he married, another pivotal point in his life. Le Breton stated that he would write books for children, if he had any. He planned to write a memoir of his life as an orphan, his rootless childhood, the life of penury and visiting disreputable places like bars and brothels.

When Le Breton's daughter Mary-Yvonne was born, he lived up to his words and wrote his autobiography. Entitled Les Hauts Murs, the book was successful. It was a poignant book, filled with anecdotal episodes from Le Breton's time in the orphanages, remand homes and prisons. Le Breton described in detail his friends and acquaintances from the bars, brothels and gangs of Paris.

Le Breton's works are known for their directness of style and story. His other strength was his mastery of language, especially of French slang. This gave his works, most of which were about criminals, an authenticity and accuracy.

Le Breton wrote 77 novels, many of which were adapted into films. His books were mostly about low life. Although his tales lack plot expertise, his characters and unique language made them hugely popular. They were made into successful films like Du rififi chez les hommes (Rififi means 'fisticuffs' or 'fight'). The film was directed by Jules Dassin and starred Jean Servais as Tony, the mastermind of a daring jewel heist.

Source: Article "Auguste Le Breton" from Wikipedia in English, licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.

Auguste Montfort, dit Le Breton, est un écrivain né le 18 février 1913 à Lesneven et mort le 31 mai 1999 à Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Après une jeunesse qui a mal tourné, il se ressaisit et entame avec succès une carrière d'écrivain. Il est célèbre pour avoir inventé en littérature le mot «rififi». Auteur prolifique de romans policiers, il a aussi écrit des ouvrages sur l'argot. Plusieurs de ses romans ont fait l'objet d'une adaptation cinématographique en France, principalement dans les années 1950 et 1960.

Son père Eugène Monfort (sans t médian) d'origine lorientaise qui est un acrobate et un clown, un auguste (d'où le prénom de son fils) meurt pendant la Première Guerre mondiale le 19 septembre 1914, disparu au combat, Mort pour la France. Sa mère, Rosalie Gorel, décédée à Paris 2e le 9 juin 1970 (Archives Municipales de Rennes), «l'oublie» sur son parcours. Il sera adopté par les Pupilles de la Nation, et de la ferme bretonne où il garde les vaches, on le conduit, à huit ans, dans un orphelinat de guerre. Épris de liberté et d'aventures, il s'en évade à onze ans, puis à douze, pour aller en Amérique combattre les Indiens. Rêve d'enfant… À quatorze ans, ces évasions lui valent d'être envoyé en Centre d'éducation surveillée, à l'époque endroits implacables. Cette enfance et cette adolescence particulières, il les racontera dans Les Hauts Murs et La Loi des rues.

Ensuite il est couvreur, terrassier, fréquente aussi la pègre. Là, il noue de solides amitiés avec les voyous de Saint-Ouen, qui logiquement le baptisent «Le Breton». Il est le témoin d'une époque aujourd'hui révolue, et racontera plus tard: «Maurice la Gouine, il avait même fait mettre un diam' dans la canine de son chien. Du folklore, oh la la, c'est pas aujourd'hui qu'on trouverait ça à Paris!». Lorsque la guerre survient, puis l'Occupation, il fait le bookmaker, possède des parts dans des tripots et des restaurants, affronte parfois les gangsters de la gestapo française. À la libération, on lui attribue la Croix de guerre, mais non pas ce qu'il recherche: pouvoir pénétrer dans les orphelinats et maisons de correction, pour s'informer et voir. Il reprend alors ses activités de bookmaker clandestin. Il raconte cette biographie sous l'Occupation dans 2 sous d'amour.

En 1947, il a 34 ans, sa fille Maryvonne naît. Il décide alors de tenir le serment qu'il s'était fait lorsqu'il dormait contre les grilles de métro, pour bénéficier de la chaleur fétide: «Si un jour j'ai un enfant, j'écrirai la mienne d'enfance, pour qu'il comprenne, pour qu'il reste humble et propre toute sa vie et devienne un homme». Ce sera une fille, mais qu'importe. Il prend la plume pour raconter les années de maison de correction de sa jeunesse dans Les Hauts Murs, qu'il dédie à sa fille, Maryvonne. ...

Source: Article "Auguste Le Breton" de Wikipédia en français, soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA 3.0.