English (en-US)

Name

John Irving

Biography

John Winslow Irving (born John Wallace Blunt Jr.; March 2, 1942) is an American-Canadian novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter.

Irving achieved critical and popular acclaim after the international success of The World According to Garp in 1978. Many of Irving's novels, including The Hotel New Hampshire (1981), The Cider House Rules (1985), A Prayer for Owen Meany (1989), and A Widow for One Year (1998), have been bestsellers. He won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay in the 72nd Academy Awards (1999) for his script of The Cider House Rules.

Five of his novels have been adapted into films (Garp, Hotel, Meany, Cider, Widow). Several of Irving's books (Garp, Meany, Widow) and short stories have been set in and around Phillips Exeter Academy in the town of Exeter, New Hampshire.

Irving was born John Wallace Blunt Jr. in Exeter, New Hampshire, the son of Helen Frances (née Winslow) and John Wallace Blunt Sr., a writer and executive recruiter; but the couple separated during pregnancy. Irving grew up in Exeter with a stepfather, Colin Franklin Newell Irving, who was a Phillips Exeter Academy faculty member. His uncle Hammy Bissell was also part of the faculty. John Irving was in the Phillips Exeter wrestling program as a student athlete and as an assistant coach, and wrestling features prominently in his books, stories, and life. While a student at Exeter, Irving was taught by author and Christian theologian Frederick Buechner, whom he quoted in an epigraph in A Prayer for Owen Meany. Irving has dyslexia.

Irving's biological father, whom he never met, had been a pilot in the Army Air Forces and, during World War II, was shot down over Burma in July 1943, but survived. (The incident was incorporated into his novel The Cider House Rules.) Irving did not find out about his father's heroism until 1981, when he was almost 40 years old.

Irving's career began at the age of 26 with the publication of his first novel, Setting Free the Bears (1968). The novel was reasonably well reviewed but failed to gain a large readership. In the late 1960s, he studied with Kurt Vonnegut at the University of Iowa Writers' Workshop. His second and third novels, The Water-Method Man (1972) and The 158-Pound Marriage (1974), were similarly received. In 1975, Irving accepted a position as assistant professor of English at Mount Holyoke College.

Frustrated at the lack of promotion his novels were receiving from his first publisher, Random House, Irving offered his fourth novel, The World According to Garp (1978), to Dutton, which promised him stronger commitment to marketing. The novel became an international bestseller and cultural phenomenon. It was a finalist for the National Book Award for Fiction in 1979 (which ultimately went to Tim O'Brien for Going After Cacciato) and its first paperback edition won the Award the next year. Garp was later made into a film directed by George Roy Hill and starring Robin Williams in the title role and Glenn Close as his mother; it garnered several Academy Award nominations, including nominations for Close and John Lithgow. Irving makes a brief cameo appearance in the film as the referee in one of Garp's high school wrestling matches. ...

Source: Article "John Irving" from Wikipedia in English, licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.

French (fr-FR)

Name
Biography

John Winslow Irving, né le 1er mars 1942 à Exeter, New Hampshire (États-Unis), est un romancier et scénariste canado-américain. Son quatrième roman, Le Monde selon Garp, paru en 1978, lui a apporté une reconnaissance internationale qui fait de chacune de ses nouvelles productions un bestseller. Il s'est vu récompenser en 2000 par un Oscar du cinéma pour le scénario de L'Œuvre de Dieu, la Part du Diable (The Cider House Rules) adapté de son sixième ouvrage. Son œuvre est traduite dans une quarantaine de langues.

John Irving naît à Exeter (New Hampshire), dans des circonstances qui ont depuis alimenté les thèmes et l'action de plusieurs de ses romans: sa mère Helen, une descendante des Winslow, l'une des plus anciennes et plus distinguées familles de Nouvelle-Angleterre, le met au monde hors-mariage, en refusant de dévoiler l'identité du père de l'enfant. Helen Winslow se marie plus tard avec Colin F. Irving, professeur à la prestigieuse Phillips Exeter Academy. John Winslow devient alors John Irving, prenant le nom de son père adoptif. Jusqu'au milieu du XXe siècle, il ne cherche pas à découvrir l'identité de son père biologique: «J'avais déjà un père», dit-il. Il apprend beaucoup plus tard, à 60 ans, le nom de son géniteur, John Blunt Sr., alors que celui-ci est déjà mort. Le fait de n'avoir pas connu son père est à l’origine de l'un de ses romans, Je te retrouverai, et a marqué beaucoup de ses œuvres, les femmes y élevant souvent leurs enfants seules. Étant né durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les blessés de guerre sont souvent présents dans ses livres comme en témoigne L'Œuvre de Dieu, la Part du Diable.

John Irving fait ses études à Exeter, où il est un étudiant médiocre, à cause d'une dyslexie alors non diagnostiquée, mais un lutteur exceptionnel. L'émancipation des femmes, la lutte et la vie universitaire en Nouvelle-Angleterre occupent une place importante dans ses romans, en particulier dans Le Monde selon Garp et Une prière pour Owen. Le cadre principal de ces deux romans est celui de la Phillips Exeter Academy.

Pendant ses études à Exeter, John Irving est conseillé par Frederick Buechner, romancier et célèbre théologien presbytérien et George Bennett, professeur de littérature, qui plus tard l’aideront à accéder au Iowa Writers' Workshop (Atelier des écrivains de l'Iowa), le plus prestigieux des programmes de diplômés en littérature américains, à l'époque le seul du genre. John Irving étudie brièvement à l'Université de Pittsburgh et obtient finalement son diplôme de l'Université du New Hampshire.

Dans l’Iowa, John Irving étudie au côté des futurs romanciers Gail Godwin, John Casey, and Donald Hendrie, Jr., entre autres. Il est alors conseillé par Kurt Vonnegut, Jr..

En 1963, il obtient une bourse pour aller étudier à l’étranger et c’est à Vienne en Autriche que John Irving rencontre sa première femme Shyla Leary, étudiante en histoire de l’art. Ils se marient, Shyla étant enceinte, et ont finalement deux garçons, Colin (1965) et Brendam (1969), pour divorcer au milieu des années 1980. John Irving se remarie alors avec son agent Janet Turnbull, avec laquelle il aura un troisième fils, Everett. ...

Source: Article "John Irving" de Wikipédia en français, soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA 3.0.

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