English (en-US)

Name

José Giovanni

Biography

José Giovanni (22 June 1923, Paris, France – 24 April 2004, Lausanne, Switzerland) was the pseudonym of Joseph Damiani, a French writer and film-maker of Corsican origin who became a naturalized Swiss citizen in 1986.

A former collaborationist and criminal who at one time was sentenced to death, Giovanni often drew his inspiration from personal experience or from real gangsters, such as Abel Danos in his 1960 film Classe tous risques, overlooking that they had been members of the French Gestapo. In his films as well as his novels, while praising masculine friendships and advocating the confrontation of the individual against the world, he often championed the underworld but was always careful to hide his own links with the Nazi occupiers of France during World War II.

Of Corsican descent, Joseph Damiani received a good education, studying at the Collège Stanislas de Paris and the Lycée Janson de Sailly. His father, a professional gambler who was sentenced to a year in prison for running an illegal casino, owned a hotel in the French Alps in Chamonix. Joseph worked there as a young man and became fascinated by mountain climbing.

From April to September 1943 Damiani was a member of Jeunesse et Montagne (Youth and Mountain) in Chamonix, part of the Vichy Government youth movement controlled by Pierre Laval.

In February 1944 Damiani came to Paris and through his father's friend, the LVF leader Simon Sabiani, he joined Jacques Doriot's fascist French Popular Party (PPF). His maternal uncle, Ange Paul Santolini alias "Santos", who ran a restaurant patronized by the Gestapo, and his elder brother, Paul Damiani, a member of the Vichy paramilitary Milice, introduced Joseph into the Pigalle underworld.

In March 1944 Joseph Damiani went to Marseille where he became a member of the German Schutzkorps (SK), an organization which hunted down Service du travail obligatoire - STO (Compulsory Work Service) dodgers. He served as bodyguard to its Marseille chief and took part in many arrests, often blackmailing his victims.

In Lyon, in August 1944, posing as a German police officer along with an accomplice (Orloff, a Gestapo agent who was shot for treason at the Liberation), Damiani blackmailed Joseph Gourentzeig and his brother-in-law Georges Edberg, two Jews who were in hiding. Gourentzeig had bribed a member of the Milice - a friend of Damiani’s – in an attempt to secure his parents' release from a detention camp. They were not freed and Gourentzeig's father, Jacob, was shot by the Germans shortly after, on 21 August 1944, along with 109 Jewish hostages in the Bron (Lyon airport) massacre.

After the Liberation in Paris on 18 May 1945, Joseph Damiani, his brother Paul, Georges Accad, a former Gestapo agent, and Jacques Ménassole, a former member of the Milice wearing a French Army lieutenant's uniform - all posing as Military Intelligence officers - abducted Haïm Cohen, a wine merchant, accusing him of being a black marketeer. He was tortured until he gave them the key to his safe and a check for 105,000 francs. He was then shot and his body thrown into the Seine. Joseph Damiani cashed the check at Barclay's Bank under the identity of "Count J. de Montreuil". ...

Source: Article "José Giovanni" from Wikipedia in English, licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.

French (fr-FR)

Name
Biography

Joseph Damiani, ditJosé Giovanni, est un écrivain, scénariste, dialoguiste et réalisateur français, né à Paris le 22 juin 1923, naturalisé suisse en 1986 et mort le 24 avril 2004 à Lausanne d'une hémorragie cérébrale.

Condamné à mort en 1948 pour extorsion de fonds et complicité d'assassinat, il est gracié puis libéré de prison en 1956 après onze ans d'incarcération. Encouragé par son avocat Stephen Hecquet, il se lance dans l'écriture. Son premier livre, Le Trou, récit de sa tentative d'évasion de la prison de la Santé en 1947, est rapidement publié en 1957 par Gallimard qui prend une option sur dix autres romans. Dans les années qui suivent, il devient un auteur de référence de la Série Noire en publiant notamment Le Deuxième Souffle et Classe tous risques, qui deviendront des classiques de la littérature policière. Au total, Giovanni a publié 21 romans ainsi que des Mémoires. Il puise principalement son inspiration dans ses expériences personnelles ou à partir de personnages ayant réellement existé et qu'il a croisés en prison — comme Abel Danos, ou Auguste Méla — pour composer ses intrigues policières. Ses romans sont portés à l'écran par des metteurs en scène prestigieux dont Jacques Becker, Claude Sautet et Jean-Pierre Melville, qui font appel à lui pour l'adaptation. En 1966, il se lance dans la mise en scène avec La Loi du survivant, adaptation d'une partie de son roman Les Aventuriers. 19 autres films et téléfilms suivront jusqu'en 2001. Dans ses films aussi bien que dans ses romans, il se fait le témoin de la pègre et sa mythologie: amitiés viriles et code de l'honneur, fidélité et trahison, vendetta et vengeance. Au travers de certains de ses films (Un aller simple, Deux hommes dans la ville), il milite également contre la peine de mort.

José Giovanni n'a jamais fait mystère de son passé carcéral et de sa condamnation à mort. En 1993, une agence de presse suisse a rappelé des faits de collaboration dont il s'est rendu coupable en 1944 et pour lesquels il a été également condamné.

Joseph Damiani, né à Paris, connaît une enfance préservée du besoin. Ses parents, d'origine corse, Barthélemy Damiani et Émilie Santolini, possèdent deux grands hôtels à Paris, l'Élysée Star et le Normandy, dont l'un a servi à l'installation d'un tripot clandestin (Barthélemy encourut plusieurs condamnations dont une à un an de prison pour «escroquerie et tenue de maison de jeux» le 19 décembre 1932 par la cour d'appel de Paris). Joseph Damiani entreprend un parcours d'études au collège Stanislas et au lycée Janson-de-Sailly. Les condamnations de son père Barthélemy laissent la famille ruinée. Les Damiani s'installent en 1939 à Marseille et par la suite tiennent un hôtel à Chamonix. Là, Joseph se découvre une passion pour la montagne. En 1942, il s'inscrit à la faculté libre de droit d'Aix-en-Provence mais il est défaillant aux examens de juin 1942 et mai 1943. ...

Source: Article "José Giovanni" de Wikipédia en français, soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA 3.0.

French (fr-CA)

Name

José Giovanni

Biography

German (de-DE)

Name
Biography

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