English (en-US)

Name

Patricia Hearst

Biography

Patricia Campbell Hearst (born February 20, 1954) is the granddaughter of American publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst. She first became known for the events following her 1974 kidnapping by the Symbionese Liberation Army. She was found and arrested 19 months after being abducted, by which time she was a fugitive wanted for serious crimes committed with members of the group. She was held in custody, and there was speculation before trial that her family's resources would enable her to avoid time in prison.

At her trial, the prosecution suggested that Hearst had joined the Symbionese Liberation Army of her own volition. However, she testified that she had been raped and threatened with death while held captive. In 1976, she was convicted for the crime of bank robbery and sentenced to 35 years in prison, later reduced to seven years. Her sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter, and she was later pardoned by President Bill Clinton.

Hearst's grandfather William Randolph Hearst created the largest newspaper, magazine, newsreel and film business in the world. Her great-grandmother was philanthropist Phoebe Hearst. The family wielded immense political influence and opposed organized labor, gold mine worker's rights, and communism since before World War II.

Hearst, who prefers to be called Patricia rather than Patty, was born on February 20, 1954, in San Francisco, California, the third of five daughters of Randolph Apperson Hearst and Catherine Wood Campbell. She was raised primarily in Hillsborough and attended its Crystal Springs School for Girls, Sacred Heart school in Atherton and the Santa Catalina School in Monterey. She attended Menlo College in Atherton, California before transferring to the University of California, Berkeley.

Hearst's father was among a number of heirs to the family fortune and did not have control of the Hearst interests. Her parents had not considered it necessary to take preventive measures to assure their children's personal security. At the time of her abduction, Hearst was a sophomore at Berkeley studying art history. She lived with her fiancé Steven Weed in an apartment in Berkeley.

On February 4, 1974, 19-year-old Hearst was kidnapped from her Berkeley apartment. A small urban guerrilla left-wing group called the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) claimed responsibility for the abduction.

Hearst's kidnapping was partly opportunistic, as she resided near the SLA hideout. According to testimony at trial, the group's main intention was to leverage the Hearst family's political influence to free SLA members Russ Little and Joe Remiro, who had been arrested for the November 1973 murder of Marcus Foster, superintendent of Oakland public schools.

After the state refused to free the men, the SLA demanded that Hearst's family distribute $70 worth of food to every needy Californian, an operation that would cost an estimated $400 million. In response, Hearst's father obtained a loan and arranged the immediate donation of $2 million worth of food to the poor of the Bay Area for one year in a project called People in Need. After the distribution descended into chaos, the SLA refused to release Hearst. ...

Source: Article "Patty Hearst" from Wikipedia in English, licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.

French (fr-FR)

Name
Biography

Patricia Hearst, surnommée Patty Hearst, née Patricia Campbell Hearst le 20 février 1954 à San Francisco, petite-fille du magnat de la presse William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951), est une héritière et une actrice occasionnelle. Enlevée en 1974, alors qu'elle est âgée de dix-neuf ans, par un groupe terroriste d'extrême gauche américain, l'Armée de libération symbionaise, elle participera par la suite à des actions de ce groupe.

Patricia Campbell Hearst, née à San Francisco en Californie, est la troisième des cinq filles de Randolph Apperson Hearst et Catherine Wood Campbell. Son père est un riche homme d'affaires, propriétaire du groupe de médias Hearst Corporation. Elle grandit à Hillsborough, banlieue aisée de San Francisco.

Le 4 février 1974, alors qu'elle se trouve dans un appartement du campus de l'université de Berkeley où elle poursuit ses études avec Steven Weed, son compagnon de l'époque, elle est enlevée par l'Armée de libération symbionaise (ALS), à la suite d'une opération parfaitement organisée. Après le refus d'un échange contre la libération de membres emprisonnés appartenant au groupe, l'ALS, au lieu d'une rançon, réclame que le père de Patricia distribue pour 70 dollars de vivres à chaque personne démunie de Californie, ce qui représente une somme de 6 millions de dollars. Aidée par des dons de millions d'Américains qui envoient leurs chèques au manoir des Hearst, la famille décide de verser la somme nécessaire. Mais l'organisation est désastreuse, et la nourriture est mal partagée: au fil des semaines, les camions censés distribuer les denrées repartent souvent avec le plus gros de la marchandise. L'Armée de libération symbionaise réclame alors qu'en conséquence, le double soit donné aux plus démunis. La famille de Patricia Hearst leur fait cependant savoir qu'elle ne dispose pas de moyens suffisants.

L'inefficacité du FBI profite au groupe terroriste, lequel quitte Los Angeles. Bien que Patricia Hearst ait subi des maltraitances de la part de ses ravisseurs, elle est gagnée par le syndrome de Stockholm. Sous le pseudonyme de «Tania» donné par Willie Wolfe, un de ses ravisseurs qui l'a violée, elle va, à travers plusieurs messages audio, critiquer le caractère «bourgeois» de ses parents, ainsi que le «sexisme» de son compagnon au moment de l'enlèvement. Le 3 avril 1974, la presse reçoit un message dans lequel elle annonce avoir décidé de lutter au sein de l'ALS et une photo qui la montre le béret de Guevara sur la tête et une mitraillette dans les mains. Elle participe ainsi à plusieurs braquages à main armée. Le 15 avril, des caméras automatiques enregistrent son image lors d'un braquage dans une banque de San Francisco. ...

Source: Article "Patricia Hearst" de Wikipédia en français, soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA 3.0.

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