Robert Ryan (Chicago, Illinois, 11 de novembre de 1909 – Nova York, 11 de juliol de 1973) va ser un actor estatunidenc. Estudia art dramàtic a Hollywood i somia esdevenir dramaturg. Per finançar la seva formació, agafa nombrosos petits papers en pel·lícules de petit pressupost. Al final de la guerra on serveix com a marine, torna a Hollywood i és localitzat per Jean Renoir que el contracta a "The Woman on the Beach" i llança la seva carrera.

Robert Bushnell Ryan (November 11, 1909 – July 11, 1973) was an American  actor who often played hardened cops and ruthless villains.

Ryan was born in Chicago, Illinois, the first child of Timothy Ryan and his wife Mabel Bushnell Ryan.  He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1932, having held the school's heavyweight boxing title all four years of his attendance. After graduation, the 6'4" Ryan found employment as a stoker on a ship, a WPA worker, and a ranch hand in Montana.

Ryan attempted to make a career in show business as a playwright, but had to turn to acting to support himself. He studied acting in Hollywood and appeared on stage and in small film parts during the early 1940s.

In January 1944, after securing a contract guarantee from RKO Radio Pictures, Ryan enlisted in the United States Marine Corps and served as a drill instructor at Camp Pendleton, in San Diego, California. At Camp Pendleton, he befriended writer and future director Richard Brooks, whose novel, The Brick Foxhole, he greatly admired. He also took up painting.

Ryan's breakthrough film role was as an anti-Semitic killer in Crossfire (1947), a film noir based on Brooks's novel. The role won Ryan his sole career Oscar nomination, for Best Supporting Actor. From then on, Ryan's specialty was tough/tender roles, finding particular expression in the films of directors such as Nicholas Ray, Robert Wise and Sam Fuller. In Ray's On Dangerous Ground (1951) he portrayed a burnt-out city cop finding redemption while solving a rural murder. In Wise's The Set-Up (1949), he played an over-the-hill boxer who is brutally punished for refusing to take a dive. Other important films were Anthony Mann's western The Naked Spur, Sam Fuller's uproarious Japanese set gangland thriller House of Bamboo, Bad Day at Black Rock, and the socially conscious heist movie Odds Against Tomorrow. He also appeared in several all-star war films, including The Longest Day (1962) and Battle of the Bulge (1965), and The Dirty Dozen. He also played John the Baptist in MGM's Technicolor epic King of Kings (1961) and was the villainous Claggart in Peter Ustinov's adaptation of Billy Budd (1962).

In his later years, Ryan continued playing significant roles in major films. Most notable of these were The Dirty Dozen, The Professionals (1966) and Sam Peckinpah's highly influential brutal western The Wild Bunch (1969).

Ryan appeared several times on the Broadway stage. His credits there include Clash by Night, Mr. President and The Front Page, the comedy drama about newspapermen.

He appeared in many television series as a guest star, including the role of Franklin Hoppy-Hopp in the 1964 episode "Who Chopped Down the Cherry Tree?" on the NBC medical drama about psychiatry, The Eleventh Hour. Similarly, he guest starred as Lloyd Osment in the 1964 episode "Better Than a Dead Lion" in the ABC psychiatric series, Breaking Point. In 1964, Ryan appeared with Warren Oates in the episode "No Comment" of CBS's short-lived drama about newspapers, The Reporter, starring Harry Guardino in the title role of journalist Danny Taylor. Ryan appeared five times (1956–1959) on CBS's Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater and twice (1959 and 1961) on the Zane Grey spin-off Frontier Justice. He appeared three times (1962–1964) on the western Wagon Train.

В 1932 окончил Дартмутский колледж, всё четыре года обучения сохраняя звание чемпиона по боксу в тяжёлом весе. Работал кочегаром на пароходе, рабочим на ранчо в Монтане. Пробовал себя в драматургии, но для заработка переключился на актёрскую профессию. В начале 1940-х учился актёрскому мастерству в Голливуде, играл небольшие роли на сцене и в кино.

В январе 1944 Райан, получив гарантии по контракту с RKO Radio Pictures, вступил в Корпус морской пехоты США, служил инструктором по строевой подготовке в Кэмп-Пендлтоне (Сан-Диего). Там он подружился с писателем и будущим кинорежиссёром Ричардом Бруксом.

Первой заметной ролью Райана стал убийца-антисемит в фильме-нуар «Перекрёстный огонь» (1947) по роману Брукса; эта роль принесла ему единственную номинацию на «Оскар» как лучшему актёру второго плана. Затем Райан работал с такими режиссёрами, как Николас Рэй, Энтони Манн, Сэмюэл Фуллер, Роберт Уайз. В 1960-х самыми заметными стали его роли в фильмах «Грязная дюжина» Роберта Олдрича и «Дикая банда» Сэма Пекинпа. Одновременно Райан выступал на Бродвее, много работал на телевидении.