English (en-US)

Name

Phil Lesh

Biography

Philip Chapman Lesh (born March 15, 1940) is an American musician and a founding member of the Grateful Dead, with whom he played bass guitar throughout their 30-year career.

After the band's disbanding in 1995, Lesh continued the tradition of Grateful Dead family music with side project Phil Lesh and Friends, which paid homage to the Dead's music by playing their originals, common covers, and the songs of the members of his band. Lesh operated a music venue called Terrapin Crossroads. He scaled back his touring regimen in 2014 but continues to perform with Phil Lesh & Friends at select venues. From 2009 to 2014, he performed in Furthur alongside former Grateful Dead bandmate Bob Weir.

Lesh was born in Berkeley, California, United States, and started out as a violin player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School he switched to trumpet and participated in all of the school's music-related extracurricular activities. Studying the instrument under Bob Hansen, conductor of the symphonic Golden Gate Park Band, he developed a keen interest in avant-garde classical music and free jazz. After attending San Francisco State University for a semester, Lesh was unable to secure a favorable position in the school's band or orchestra and determined that he was not ready to pursue a higher education. Upon dropping out, he successfully auditioned for the renowned Sixth Army Band (then stationed at the Presidio of San Francisco) with the assistance of Hansen, but was ultimately determined to be unfit for military service.

Shortly thereafter, he enrolled at the College of San Mateo, where he wrote charts for the community college's well-regarded big band and ascended to the first trumpet chair. (A snippet of tape of Lesh on trumpet at CSM can be heard on "Born Cross-Eyed" from the Grateful Dead's 1968 release Anthem of the Sun.) After transferring with sophomore standing to the University of California, Berkeley in 1961, he befriended future Grateful Dead keyboardist Tom Constanten before dropping out again after less than a semester. At the behest of Constanten, he studied under the Italian modernist Luciano Berio in a graduate-level course at Mills College in the spring of 1962; their classmates included Steve Reich and Stanford University cross-registrant John Chowning.

While volunteering for KPFA as a recording engineer during this period, he met bluegrass banjo player Jerry Garcia. Despite seemingly opposite musical interests, they soon formed a friendship. Following a brief period as a Post Office Department employee and keno marker in Las Vegas (initially rooming with Constanten, who soon departed to study under Berio and other members of the Darmstadt School in Europe); a second stint with the Post Office in San Francisco; and a collaboration with the likes of Reich, Jon Gibson and Constanten upon the latter's return from Europe under the auspices of the San Francisco Mime Troupe, Lesh was talked into becoming the bassist for Garcia's new rock band (then known as The Warlocks) in the fall of 1964. This was a peculiar turn of events, as Lesh had never before played bass. According to Lesh, the first song he rehearsed with the band was "I Know You Rider". He joined them for their third or fourth gig (memories vary) and stayed until the end. ...

Source: Article "Phil Lesh" from Wikipedia in English, licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.

French (fr-FR)

Name
Biography

Phil Lesh (né le 15 mars 1940 à Berkeley, Californie) est un bassiste, membre fondateur du groupe de Rock Grateful Dead. Il a joué dans ce groupe tout au long de ses trente ans d'existence.

Phil Lesh commence par apprendre le violon. Au lycée, il passe à la trompette et joue dans l'orchestre "San Mateo College Jazz Band". Il présente un intérêt particulier pour la musique classique d'avant-garde, telle celle d'Edgard Varèse, et le free jazz. Il étudie la musique avec l'italien Luciano Berio au Mills College avec comme compagnon de classe le compositeur Steve Reich, et le futur clavier des Grateful Dead Tom Constanten avec lequel, il commence à jouer.

A l'université il rencontre Jerry Garcia et ils se prennent d’amitié.

Lors du concert au Frenchy's à Fremont, en juillet 1965, Phil Lesh joue avec le groupe "the Warlocks" de Jerry Garcia pour la première fois. Lesh envisage de devenir le bassiste du groupe de rock de Jerry Garcia; "the Warlocks". Lesh a noté qu'un autre groupe portait déjà le nom de "the Warlocks". Il a suggéré aux autres membres du groupe de changer de nom, qui changent leur nom en Grateful Dead.

Garcia a déclaré "il avait reçu la meilleure éducation musicale, celle d'un étudiant en musique".

Phil Lesh n'avait jamais joué de basse avant de joindre le groupe, ce qui signifie il a appris «sur le tas», mais il avait appris le violon dans son enfance. Il n'avait aucun à priori sur le rôle de la section rythmique dans un groupe de rock. Son modèle a été influencé plus par le contrepoint de Bach que les bassistes de musiciens de rock et soul (bien qu'on puisse retrouver la fluidité et la puissance d'un bassiste de jazz tel que Charles Mingus ou Jimmy Garrison dans le travail de Phil Lesh).

Phil Lesh, avec Paul McCartney, Jack Bruce, John Entwistle, et Jack Casady, était un innovateur dans la place que la basse devait prendre au milieu des années 60. Ils ont permis à cet instrument de jouer plus fort avec un timbre dominant. Lesh réalise ses propres improvisations pendant les chansons. Dans les improvisations du Grateful Dead, la basse de Lesh est aussi importante que la guitare de Jerry Garcia. La place importante donnée à la basse est un caractéristiques du San Francisco Sound.

Phil Lesh n'était pas un compositeur ou un chanteur prolifique avec les Grateful Dead, bien qu’il ait contribué a plusieurs chansons; "New Potato Caboose", "Box of Rain", "Unbroken Chain" et "Pride of Cucamonga" mais son intérêt pour la musique d'avant-garde a eu une influence importante sur le Grateful Dead.

Comme beaucoup de membres du Grateful Dead, Phil Lesh a mené une carrière en dehors du groupe en jouant avec différents groupes et musiciens comme David Crosby, John Cipollina, Yogi Phlegm, David Bromberg, Ned Lagin, Jerry Garcia Band, Jorma Kaukonen...

Après la dissolution de Grateful Dead, Lesh a continué à jouer dans les avatars du Dead (The Other Ones et The Dead) et a formé son propre groupe Phil Lesh and Friends.

Lesh et son épouse Jill administrent leur organisation charitable: Unbroken Chain Foundation.

En 1998 Lesh a subi une greffe de foie en raison d'une infection chronique par l'hépatite C; depuis lors, il est devenu propagandiste du don d'organe. ...

Source: Article "Phil Lesh" de Wikipédia en français, soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA 3.0.

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