Béarla (en-US)

Name

Berry Gordy

Biography

Berry Gordy III (born November 28, 1929), known professionally as Berry Gordy Jr., is an American retired record executive, record producer, songwriter, film producer and television producer. He is best known as the founder of the Motown record label and its subsidiaries, which was the highest-earning African-American business for decades.

As a songwriter, Gordy composed or co-composed a number of hits including "Lonely Teardrops" and "That's Why" (Jackie Wilson), "Shop Around" (the Miracles), and "Do You Love Me" (the Contours), all of which topped the US R&B charts, as well as the international hit "Reet Petite" (Jackie Wilson). As part of the Corporation, he wrote many hit songs for the Jackson 5, including "I Want You Back" and "ABC". As a record producer, he launched the Miracles and signed acts like the Supremes, Marvin Gaye, the Temptations, the Four Tops, Gladys Knight & the Pips, and Stevie Wonder. He was known for carefully directing the public image, dress, manners, and choreography of his acts.

Gordy was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988, awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Barack Obama in 2016, and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2021. In 2022, he was inducted into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame.

Berry Gordy III (also known as Berry Gordy Jr.) was the seventh of eight children (Fuller, Esther, Anna, Loucye, George, Gwen, Berry and Robert), born on November 28, 1929, in Detroit, to middle-class parents, Berry Gordy II (also known as Berry Gordy Sr.) and Bertha Fuller Gordy, who had relocated to Detroit from Oconee, Washington County, Georgia, in 1922.

His grandfather, named Berry Gordy I, was the son of James Gordy, a white plantation owner in Georgia, and one of his slaves. Berry I's half-brother, James (son of the elder James and his legal wife), was the grandfather of President Jimmy Carter. Berry Gordy II was led to Detroit both by the job opportunities offered by the booming automotive businesses, and also by worries over the atmosphere in the American South where black men were lynched "with chilling regularity by the Ku Klux Klan"; in the first twenty years of the twentieth century, 1,502 lynchings were reported, most in Southern states. Gordy's father opened a grocery store, owned a plastering and carpentry business, and a printing shop. While his brothers Fuller and George were happy to work at jobs their father assigned to them in construction and printing, Berry and Robert, the younger boys, were less inclined to follow that path. Both Robert and Berry liked dancing and music, but Berry's greatest interest was in boxing.

Gordy dropped out of Northeastern High School in the eleventh grade to become a professional boxer in hopes of becoming rich quickly; he boxed professionally until 1950, when he was drafted by the United States Army in 1951 for service in the Korean War. Arriving in Korea in May 1952, Gordy was first assigned to the 58th Field Artillery Battalion, 3rd Infantry Division, near Panmunjom. He later became a chaplain's assistant, driving a jeep and playing the organ at religious services at the front. His tour in the Korean War was completed in April 1953. He obtained a GED, which is equivalent to a high school diploma. ...

Source: Article "Berry Gordy" from Wikipedia in English, licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.

Fraincis (fr-FR)

Name
Biography

Berry Gordy Jr, né le 28 novembre 1929 à Détroit, est un producteur de musique américain qui a fondé le label Motown et ses multiples filiales.

Berry Gordy est le septième d'une famille de huit enfants. Ses parents, Berry Gordy Sr et Bertha Gordy, ont déménagé de Milledgeville à Détroit dans le Michigan en 1922. Gordy abandonne l'école secondaire au niveau de l'équivalent de la première année de lycée (en France) pour devenir boxeur professionnel. Catégorie poids plume, il remportera douze de ses quinze engagements. Il poursuit cette carrière jusqu'en 1950, date à laquelle il part servir dans l'armée américaine pour la guerre de Corée.

À son retour de Corée en 1953, il épouse Thelma Coleman. Il développe son goût pour la musique en écrivant des chansons et en ouvrant le 3-D Record Mat, un magasin de disques consacré au jazz. Devant le peu de succès de son magasin, il cherche du travail à l'usine Lincoln-Mercury, mais ses connaissances le mettent en relation avec Al Green, propriétaire du Flame Show Bar, où il rencontre Jackie Wilson. En 1957, Wilson enregistre Reet Petite, une chanson que Gordy a coécrite avec sa sœur Gwen et Billy Davis, qui rencontre un certain succès. Wilson enregistre quatre autres chansons coécrites par Gordy les deux années suivantes.

Gordy réinvestit l'argent de ces succès dans la production d'artistes. En 1957, il découvre Smokey Robinson & The Miracles et se construit un carnet d'adresses d'artistes à succès. En 1958, il écrit la chanson Lonely Teardrops pour Jackie Wilson. En janvier 1959, Gordy crée un nouveau label R&B appelé Tamla Records, qui produit le premier tube de Marv Johnson, Come to me. Le 14 décembre 1959, encouragé par Smokey Robinson, il crée la compagnie de musique Motown. (motor town), de Barrett Strong, en plus d'apparaître chez Tamla, est référencé sous le label Anna Records, créé par Gordy, à partir de février 1960. Le tube Shop around des Miracles établit Motown comme label indépendant reconnu, en devenant premier des hit-parades R&B fin 1960 puis second des hit-parades pop début 1961.

Contrairement à la plupart des producteurs de son époque, Gordy ne produit que peu d'artistes blancs, bien qu'au début certains aient signé avec lui, tels que Nick and the Jaguars, The Valadiers, Debbie Dean et Connie Vandyke. Il a cependant eu plusieurs employés blancs à Hitsville U.S.A.. Il a davantage encouragé les artistes Afro-Américains; la gestion attentive de l'image de marque de ses artistes a fait de Motown un succès national. Durant les dix années suivantes, il signe avec Mary Wells, The Supremes menées par Diana Ross, Marvin Gaye, The Temptations, The Four Tops, Gladys Knight & The Pips, The Commodores, The Velvelettes, The Marvelettes, Martha & the Vandellas, Stevie Wonder, et The Jackson Five.

En 1968, Gordy déménage à Los Angeles en (Californie) et y développe les bureaux de Motown, à la suite des émeutes de Détroit. En juin 1972, il déménage l'ensemble de Motown Records à Los Angeles; l'année suivante, il restructure l'entreprise dans Motown Industries, conglomérat de l'industrie du divertissement incluant des divisions disque, film, télévision et édition. ...

Source: Article "Berry Gordy" de Wikipédia en français, soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA 3.0.

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